Earlier in the day, world number two Daniil Medvedev sailed through to the third round with a comfortable 6-4 6-1 6-2 victory over Dominik Koepfer.
Medvedev was broken once by the German in the first set but immediately responded and led throughout.
The Russian second seed hit eight aces and won 80% of points on his first serve in a commanding performance under the roof on Arthur Ashe Stadium.
He faces Spaniard Pablo Andujar in the third round.
Meanwhile, Russian fifth seed Andrey Rublev beat Spaniard Pedro Martinez 7-6 (7-2) 6-7 (5-7) 6-1 6-1 to set up a third-round meeting with American Frances Tiafoe.
In front of a noisy home crowd on Louis Armstrong Stadium, 23-year-old Tiafoe played superbly to win 6-1 6-2 7-5 against Argentina's Guido Pella and set up a first senior meeting with Rublev.
Canadian 12th seed Felix Auger-Aliassime advanced with a 7-6 (7-5) 6-3 6-2 win over Spain's Bernabe Zapata Miralles.
Spanish teenager Alcaraz again demonstrated why he is one of the sport's most-talked about young stars by beating France's Arthur Rinderknech in four sets.
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